Full Text

Abstract

Handwriting is an acquired art like painting, dancing or cycling. The early stages that accompany the learning and practicing of writing are characterized by a conscious effort on the part of a learner to replicate standard letter formation. He takes a mental impression of the muscles of his hand of writing. Due to repeated use of letters, the actual formation of each letters and words becomes almost involuntary. The handwriting is a coordination process where, brain is the main element which is regulates to execute the subject matter in the form of handwriting. The muscles also play a very important role in execution of handwriting. The objective of this study is to identify the origin of the writer on the basis of handwriting characteristics. This prospective study was carried out among 150 peoples belonging to 15 different countries. Result showed that there are set patterns of class characteristics of handwriting which writer acquires from the country he or she belongs such as design of certain letters and position of writing instrument while executing the handwriting which in turn helps to determine to which country writer belongs.

References

1. Robertson, E. W. (1991), ?Fundamentals of Document Examination?, Nelson-Hall.

2. Bradford, R. R. and Bradford, R. (1992), ?Introduction to Handwriting Examination and Identification?, Nelson-Hall

3. Kelly, J. S., Lindblom, B. S. ?Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, CRC Press; 2nd Ed. (2006)

4. Schomaker, L.: 1991, Simulation and recognition of handwriting movements: A vertical approach to modelling human motor behaviour, PhD thesis, University of Nijmegen, NICI, The Netherlands.

5. Plamondon, R. and Maarse, F.: 1989, An evaluation of motor models of handwriting, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern. 19(5), 1060?1072.

6. Plamondon, R. and Guerfali, W.: 1998, The generation of handwriting with delta-lognormal synergies, Biological Cybernetics 78, 119?132.

7. Said, H., Tan, T. and Baker, K. (2000), ?Personal identification based on handwriting?, Pattern Recognition 33 (1), 149?160.

8. Srihari, S., Cha, S., Arora, H. and Lee, S. (2002), ?Individuality of handwriting?, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 47 (4), 1?17.

9. Crettez, J.-P. (1995), ?A set of handwriting families: style recognition?, Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, pp. 489?494.

10. Christensen, C. A. (2009). The critical role handwriting plays in the ability to produce high-quality written text. In R. Beard, D. Myhill, J. Riley, & M. Nystrand (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of writing development. London, UK: Sage

11. Maarse, F. J.: 1987,The study of handwriting movement: Peripheral models and signal processing techniques, PhD thesis, University of Nijmegen, Department of Experimental Psychology, The Netherlands

12. Bara, F., & Gentaz, E. (2010b). Haptics in teaching handwriting: the role of perceptual and visuo-motor skills. Human Movement Science, 30, 745 ? 759

13. Graham, S., & Weintraub, N. (1996). A review of handwriting research: Progress and prospects from 1980 to 1994. Educational Psychology Review, 8, 7 ? 87.

14. Huber, R. and Headrick, A. (1999). Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Keywords

Handwriting examination, Copybook Model, Letter formation, Forensic Science